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01347_Field_74.cap.txt
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@
Walter Gropius'
career as an
architect was
interrupted by
the first world
war. But after
leaving the army
he focused his
energies on the
foundation of the
Bauhaus design
school. Its
mission was to
encompass the
design of all
functional objects
#
One of Gropius'
prewar buildings
was the Fagus
factory (1911)
near Hanover, the
first in the world
to feature curtain
walls. He hung a
glass facade on a
skeletal frame, so
that the windows
'turned the corners'
without the need of
brick columns
#
Gropius designed
a new building
for the Bauhaus
in 1925. The
school's philosophy
was to combine art
and design, and to
reconcile craft
tradition with the
needs of industrial
production. While
director of the
Bauhaus (1919-
29), Gropius
employed such
artists as Klee
and Kandinsky to
teach there
#
The so-called
Existenzminimum
housing complex
was Gropius'
most ambitious
undertaking.
Existenzminimum
means 'bare
necessities',and it
reflected Gropius'
concern to reduce
architecture to
its essentials, a
desire also evident
in his enthusiasm
for the possib-
ilities of prefab-
ricated housing
#
Gropius left
Germany in 1934
and lived in
Britain before
becoming a US
citizen in 1944.
While in Britain
he designed a
school in the
village of
Impington, near
Cambridge. It was
to have a great
influence on
postwar school
design in Britain
#
In 1968 there
was a major
exhibition in
London devoted
to the Bauhaus.
The aesthetic of
the Bauhaus
movement struck
a particular chord
in the design-
conscious Sixties
#
Gropius said that
"we have to
destroy the
separations
between painting
and sculpture and
architecture and
design - it is all
one." Here,
talking on BBC
Radio, he gives an
example of how
art and
architecture
interact
@
Gropius began his practical training in Peter Behrens' office, in 1907. Talking to Behrens "my own ideas began to crystallise as to what the essential nature of a building ought to be," Gropius said
#
Marcel Breuer
went to the
Bauhaus as a
student in 1920.
His bent tubular
steel furniture
(said to have
been inspired by
the handlebars of
his bicycle) was
to become a
Bauhaus icon.
Later, he rejoined
Gropius in the
USA
#
Philip Johnson
was originally an
architectural
historian, and his
writings did a
great deal to
establish the
reputation of
Gropius and other
European
modernists in the
USA. Later,
Johnson became
an architect
himself, studying
under Gropius at
Harvard
#
Like Gropius,
Mies worked in
Peter Behrens'
office; he
followed Gropius
as director of the
Bauhaus; and he,
too, went into
exile in the USA.
But as an
architect he was
to prove more of
a leader than
Gropius
@